Performanța de bază a conectorilor poate fi împărțită în trei categorii: performanță mecanică, performanță electrică și performanță de mediu. O altă proprietate mecanică importantă este durata de viață mecanică a conectorului. Durata de viață mecanică este de fapt un indice de durabilitate, care se numește funcționare mecanică în standardul național GB5095. Este nevoie de o inserare și o extracție ca ciclu și judecă dacă conectorul își poate finaliza în mod normal funcția de conectare (cum ar fi valoarea rezistenței de contact) după ciclul de inserare și extracție specificat.
1. Proprietăți mecanice Forța de inserție este o proprietate mecanică importantă în ceea ce privește funcția de conectare. Forța de inserție este împărțită în forța de inserție și forța de extracție (forța de extracție este numită și forța de separare), iar cerințele celor două sunt diferite. În standardele relevante, există prevederi pentru forța maximă de introducere și forța minimă de separare, ceea ce înseamnă că din punct de vedere al utilizării, forța de introducere ar trebui să fie mică (prin urmare o structură cu forță de introducere LIF scăzută și fără forță de introducere ZIF ), iar dacă forța de separare este prea mică, va afecta fiabilitatea contactului. Forța de introducere și durata de viață mecanică a conectorului sunt legate de structura contactului (presiune pozitivă), calitatea acoperirii (coeficientul de frecare de alunecare) a părții de contact și precizia dimensională (alinierea) aranjamentului de contact.
2. Proprietăți electrice Principalele proprietăți electrice ale conectorilor includ rezistența de contact, rezistența de izolație și rezistența electrică.
①Contact resistance High-quality electrical connectors should have low and stable contact resistance. The contact resistance of connectors ranges from a few milliohms to tens of milliohms.
②Insulation resistance is a measure of the insulation performance between the contacts of the electrical connector and between the contacts and the shell, and its magnitude ranges from hundreds of megohms to several gigaohms.
③ Dielectric strength or withstand voltage, dielectric withstand voltage, is to characterize the ability of the connector to withstand the rated test voltage between the contacts or between the contacts and the shell.
④Other electrical properties. The electromagnetic interference leakage attenuation is to evaluate the electromagnetic interference shielding effect of the connector, and the electromagnetic interference leakage attenuation is to evaluate the electromagnetic interference shielding effect of the connector, which is generally tested in the frequency range of 100MHz10GHz. For RF coaxial connectors, there are also electrical indicators such as characteristic impedance, insertion loss, reflection coefficient, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Due to the development of digital technology, in order to connect and transmit high-speed digital pulse signals, a new type of connector, namely high-speed signal connector, has appeared. Correspondingly, in terms of electrical performance, in addition to characteristic impedance, some new electrical indicators have also appeared. , such as crosstalk (crosstalk), transmission delay (delay), time delay (skew) and so on.
3. Performanța de mediu Performanța obișnuită de mediu include rezistența la temperatură, rezistența la umiditate, rezistența la pulverizare de sare, vibrații și șocuri etc.
①Temperature resistance At present, the maximum working temperature of the connector is 200 degree (except for a few high-temperature special connectors), and the minimum temperature is -65 degree . Since the current generates heat at the contact point when the connector is working, resulting in a temperature rise, it is generally believed that the operating temperature should be equal to the sum of the ambient temperature and the temperature rise of the contact point. In some specifications, the maximum temperature rise allowed by the connector at the rated operating current is clearly specified.
②The intrusion of moisture resistance will affect the insulation performance of the connection h and corrode metal parts. The constant damp heat test conditions are relative humidity 90 percent 95 percent (according to product specifications, up to 98 percent ), temperature plus 40±20 degree , and the test time is at least 96 hours according to product regulations. The alternating damp heat test is more severe.
③When the salt spray-resistant connector works in an environment containing moisture and salt, the surface treatment layer of its metal structural parts and contact parts may cause galvanic corrosion, which affects the physical and electrical properties of the connector. To evaluate the ability of electrical connectors to withstand this environment, the salt spray test is specified. It is to hang the connector in a temperature-controlled test box, and spray the sodium chloride solution with the specified concentration with compressed air to form a salt fog atmosphere. The exposure time is specified by the product specification, at least 48 hours.
④Vibration and shock Vibration and shock resistance are important properties of electrical connectors, especially in special application environments such as aviation and aerospace, railway and road transportation. important indicator of sexuality. There are clear provisions in the relevant test methods. The shock test shall specify the peak acceleration, duration and shock pulse shape, as well as the time of interruption of electrical continuity.
⑤Other environmental properties According to the requirements of use, other environmental properties of the electrical connector include sealing (air leakage, liquid pressure), liquid immersion (the ability to resist deterioration of specific liquids), low air pressure, etc.